Social Studies Note for Grade X (Skilled Manpower and Employment Opportunity- Unit- 2)Grade X

Lesson -3

Infrastructure of Development: Skilled Manpower and Employment Opportunity

Introduction to Infrastructure of Development

The resources and means required for economic and social development of the nation are known as infrastructures of development. The infrastructures of development like education, health, skilled manpower, communication, electricity, transportation and drinking water are vital for economic development and prosperity of the nation.
Means and Resources
A way or method or instrument, by which a result is achieved, is called means. Similarly, resources denote the natural, economic, political or human assets of a nation. For example: minerals, labour, capital, manpower etc. The resources are utilized with the help of means to achieve a result.
Types of Resources
There are two types of resources that are required for the development of the country. They are natural resource and human resource.
Natural resource
The material or substance that is available in nature which can be used for economic gain is called natural resource—Minerals, forests, rivers, mountains, hills e.tc are the examples of natural resource.
Human resource
The people who are expert in doing certain task efficiently and contribute to the development of a country are called human resources. They are capable, experienced, trained, efficient, and fully skilled in the related field. They are also called skilled manpower. Teachers, doctors, engineers, pilots, mechanics etc. are the examples of human resources.

Both natural and human resources are equally important for development. The most important resource for development is human resource because it can utilize the means and resources using their creativity and potential for the development in the country. The main reason for the development in the developed countries is the availability of skilled human resource. The developing and least developed countries, in spite of having enough natural means and resources, are lagging behind in development due to lack of skilled human resource. The development of human resources and means promotes physical development. The pace of development becomes faster if more skilled human resource is produced in the country.

Need of Human Resource

a.    To utilize natural and human resource for the development

b.    To form economic, social and political organizations

c.    To speed up the development of the country

d.    To formulate and implement the development plans, and

e.    To develop new technology and idea.

Measures to Produce Skilled Human Resource

a.    Practical and quality education should be provided to all.

b.    Develop technical and vocational education system according to the need of the country.

c.    Training opportunities should be given to the people as per their interest.

d.    Updating the knowledge with developed information technology.

e.    Study, observation, research etc. should be done.

f.     Formulation and implementation of scientific education policy as per the demand of time.

Relation between Skilled Manpower and Employment Opportunity
A state of having paid work is called employment. Employment is important not only for a living but also social and economic development of the family, community and entire country. An educated, skilled and dedicated person can easily get the opportunity of employment. People should be provided with education and skills, and opportunity of employment. Educational institutions and training institutions produce the skilled manpower required in the country. In the same ratio, the employment opportunities also should be created in the country. The manpower should be produced in such a way that they can create job rather than search in the market. An entrepreneur, self-reliant, self- respectful and skilled manpower can create job for oneself and others. The state has to create employment opportunity or manage for self-employment in the country. Otherwise, the manpower produced in the country has to wander in foreign land in search of employment.

Thus, it is better to utilize the human resource in the country by creating an appropriate environment. It helps in the alleviation of poverty and makes the development possible.

Various surveys of human development show that the absolute poverty rate is gradually decreasing in Nepal as well. The following facts are the reasons for decreasing poverty in Nepal:

a.    Increasing remittance from foreign employment

b.    Development in private sectors such as private schools, colleges, banks, etc. which are creating

employment opportunities

c.    Increasing literacy rate, production of skilled human resource, increasing trend of self-employment

d.    Decreasing dependency on agriculture, and

e.    Increasing poverty eradication projects by various donor countries and agencies different parts of the country.

Very Short Answer Question

1.    What is meant by skilled manpower? Define with examples.
Ans: A skilled manpower is any person who has specific skill, knowledge and capability gained through education and training for performing particular work effectively is known as skilled manpower. For examples, teacher, physicians, plumbers, cooks, etc.

2.    Name the types of resources with examples.
Ans: The types of resources are:

a.    Natural Resources and examples are: forests, rivers, animals, mountains, minerals, land, etc.

b.    Human Resources and examples are: physicians (health workers), engineers,

electricians, plumbers, drivers, farmers, laborers, etc.

3.    What are the types of human resources based on the field of their work or employment?

Ans: The types of human resources based on the field of their work or employment are:

a.    Primary Human Resources

b.    Secondary Human Resources

c.    Tertiary Human Resources

d.    Specialist Human Resources

4.    Why are human resources important? Give any two reasons.

Ans: The human resources are important because of the following two reasons:

a.    Human resources are important because they help to mobilize other resources like land, water, capital, technology, etc.

b.    Human resources help in the extension, utilizations and production of other resources as they are skilled, knowledgeable and capable of doing specific work.

5.    What kind of human resources are required for the development of country?
Ans: Skilled, knowledgeable, capable, honest, diligent and confident human resources are required for the development of country.

6.    Differentiate between means and resources in one sentence.
Ans: Means are the medium through which resources are exploited and mobilized whereas resources are the essential stocks of skills, knowledge and capability in the nature and human being.

7.    What is meant by skilled human resource? Write in a sentence.

Ans: The human resource is an individual, equipped with skill, knowledge and capability to perform certain task within the jurisdiction of their profession is known as skilled human resource.

8.    What is meant by skilled human resource? Write in a sentence.
Ans: The human resource is an individual, equipped with skill, knowledge and capability to perform certain task within the jurisdiction of their profession is known as skilled human resource.

9.    What is meant by tertiary human resource? Define in a sentence.
Ans: The tertiary human resource is an individual who is highly skilled for performing his/her task responsively such as researchers, scientists, etc.

10. What sorts of human resource are largely required in an agricultural country like Nepal? Make a list of them.
Ans. Human resources largely required in an agricultural country like Nepal can be as follow:

a.  Agricultural researchers

b.  Junior Technical Assistants

c.  Industrialists

d.  Agricultural Scientists/ specialists

e.  Veterinaries

11. How does self- employment help to enrich economic prosperity of a nation? Write your view in a sentence.
Ans: Self- employment solves unemployment problem and all people get access for income generation activity that uplifts the economic condition.