Social
Studies Note for Grade X
Lesson
4
Provinces
of Nepal
Province
No. 1
a.
This state has an area of 25,905 sq. km i.e.
18% of the total area of Nepal and 15% population live in this state according
to the census 2068 BS.
b.
It consists of 14 districts of the eastern part
of Nepal covering Himalayan, Hilly and Terai regions. Except Saptari and Siraha
it includes all other districts of former EDR.
c.
This state is rich in natural resources like
rivers, forest, mountains, conservation areas and national parks.
d.
This state is the habitat of many castes and
ethnic groups. Tamang, Sherpa, and Bhotes live in Himalaya; Rais, Limbus along
with the Brahmins and Chhetris live around the hilly region. Similarly,
Rajbansi, Koche, Meche, Tharu, Dhimal, Satar, and Musahar along with Brahmins
and Chhetris live in the terai region.
e.
This region is rich in religious sites too;
Baraha Kshetra, Halesi Mahadev, Pathivara, Chhintang Devi etc. are located
here.
f.
The occupations of the people in state 1 are
different according to the regions. People in terai are involved in
agriculture. Specially, food crops like paddy, wheat, maize, etc. are grown.
Cash crops like cardamom, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, coffee, fruits, etc.
are grown in hilly region and terai region. And people living in mountain
region are involved in tourism.
g.
This region has made much progress in
industrial development as well. Biratnagar is the industrial city of this
state.
The major attractions of this
province are:
a.
Rivers - Mechi, Saptakoshi,
Tamor, Arun, Barun, Kabeli, Kankai, Mai Khola and Duhkoshi
b.
Mountain Peaks- Mt.
Everest, Choyu, Kanchanjangha, MakaIu,
c.
Religious sites -Barahakshetra,
Pathivara, Haleshi Mahadev, Buda Subba, Dantakali Chhintang Devi
d.
Highways -Mechi Highway,
East-west Highway, Mid- Hill highway, Dharan- Dhankuta Highway
e.
National Parks or Conservation Areas - Sagarmatha
NP, Makalu Barun NP, Makalu Barun CA, Kanchanjunga CA and Koshi Tappu WLR
f.
Misalliance - Famous
for tea and Cardamom cultivation
Province
No. 2
a.
This is the smallest state among all. This
state has only 8 districts of terai region.
b.
This state has an area of 9661 sq. km i.e. 7%
of the total area of Nepal. And only 19%
people live in this state.
c.
This state has least varied land topography.
The climate is hot and wet as it covers plain land.
d.
This state has more independent rivers like the
Bagmati and Kamala which drain this region. The Chure range is covered by dense
tropical forest.
e.
The fertile soil of this region is another
important natural resource for agricultural crops.
f.
Industrial development is another important
economic source of this region.
g.
The people living here are Satar, Yadav, Tharu,
Sah, Muslim, etc and they speak Bhojpuri, Maithili, Hindi and Nepali.
Major attractions of this
province
a.
Rivers - Bagmati and Kamala
b.
Mountain Peaks - This
region only covers the districts of terai, so there are no mountains.
c.
Religious Sites - Janakpurdham,
Chhinnamasta and Gadimai
d.
National Parks or Conservation -
Parsa WLR
e.
Highways - Except Bara, all
districts are connected with Mahendra Highway. Only one railway of Nepal is in
this province.
f.
Misalliance- This
region has high prospect of trade and industrial development.
Province
No 3
a.
There are 13 districts in this province.
b.
This province has stretched from the northern
border to the southern border of Nepal.
c.
The area of this province is 20,300 sq. km.
i.e. 13% of the total land of Nepal. This province shares about 21 % of the
total population of the country.
d.
This province is rich in water resource which
can be utilized for hydro power generation and adventurous tourism. This province
is also rich in religious tourism so as many pilgrimage sites like
Pashupatinath, Swyambhunath, Bauddhanath, etc. are located here.
e.
People in this province involve in various
types of economic activities. Agriculture and animal rearing are the main
activities of village area. Apart from agriculture, this province is well
developed in industry, trade and commerce as well. Tourism is also another
important economic activity of the people.
f.
This province has more facilities and
development since the capital city lies here.
Major attractions of this
province
a.
Rivers- Trishuli, Indrawati,
Bhotekoshi, Tamakoshi, Sunkoshi, Bagmati, Kamala, and Khimti
b.
Mountain Peaks-
Langtang, Gaurishankar, Pabil, Dorje Pahad
c.
Religious Sites-
Pashupatinath, Swyambhunath, Bauddhanath, Dakshinkali, Devaghat, Dolakha,
Bhimsen, Namobuddha, Gosaikunda, etc.
d.
Highways-
East-West Highway, BP Highway, Pasang Lahmu Highway and Tribhuvan Rajpath
e.
National Parks or Conservation Areas-
Langtang NP, Chitwan NP, Parsa WLR and Shivapuri Nagarjun NP
f.
Misalliance- This
province is the hub of religious tourism and industrial development.
Province
No 4 (Gandaki)
a.
This province has extended from the northern
border to the southern border of the country.
b.
This province occupies 10 districts and the eastern
part of Nawalparasi.
c.
This province occupies 21,504 sq. km area i.e.
14 % of the total land of Nepal and only 9 % population live in this province.
d.
This province has mountains, tars, basins, and
valleys as well in the middle, and plain land in the terai.
e.
Annapurna conservation area, Manaslu
conservation area, and Dhorpatan hunting reserve are the protected sites as
well as tourist attraction.
f.
Due to diverse topography, population
distribution is quite uneven in this state.
g.
This province has high prospects of hydropower
generation, tourism industry, industrialization, etc.
h.
The main economic activities of this province
are agriculture, tourism, trade, business, and industrialization.
Major attractions of this
state
a.
Rivers- Tributaries of
Saptagandaki (Kaligandaki, Seti, Daraundi, Madi, Trishuli, Budhigandaki, and
Marsyangdi) and Tinau
b.
Mountain Peaks-
Dahulagiri, Annapurna, Manaslu, Himalchuli, Ganesh Himal, Machhapuchhre, etc.
c.
Religious Sites-
Muktinath, Manakamana, Rishikesh, Baglung Kalika, etc.
d.
Highways- Prithvi Highway,
East- West Highway, Bhupi Sherchan Highway and Siddhartha Highway
e.
National Parks or Conservation Areas- Dhorpatan
HR, Annapurna CA and Manaslu CA
f.
Misalliance- This
region has high possibility in tourism and Hydro power development. This
province is also famous for orange cultivation.
Province No 5
a.
This state covers an area of 22,288 sq. km i.e
15% of the total area of Nepal.
b.
This state has only 12 districts and the
western part of Nawalparasi and the eastern part of Rukum.
c.
This province only includes the districts of
Terai and Hilly region.
d.
This province is rich in water resources,
religious sites, fertile land, and industries.
e.
Different castes of people live in this
province in different parts of the country.
Major attractions of this
state
a.
Rivers- Rapti, Tinau, Babai,
etc.
b.
Religious Sites- Lumbini,
Supadeurali, Bageshwori, etc.
c.
National Pards and Conservation Areas- Bardiya
NP and Banke NP
d.
Misalliance- This
province is famous for industrial development and coffee cultivation.
Province
No 6 (Karnali)
a.
This province covers the districts of mountain
and hilly region. This is the largest province. This province has 28,973 sq. km
i.e. 20% of the total area of the country and about 5% of the total population
of the country.
b.
This province has 10 districts of hilly and
mountain region and western part of Rukum.
c.
This region is rich in natural resources. But
this state has some more challenging geographical difficulties too. Agriculture
is poor because of rocky land and dry climate. Because of the lack of
transportation, industrialization is also not easy to develop here.
d.
The food grain produced locally is not enough
in most of the districts of this province. Literacy rate is also low. This region is not
free from social problems.
e.
The resources of this province are not utilized
due to poor transportation facilities.
f.
Sincere efforts should be necessary to develop
this region from the local, provincial and national level.
g.
All the districts of this province should be linked
with road ways. Expansion of school college, hospital, should be given
priority.
h.
The tourist attracting places of this province
are needed to be advertised for tourism promotion.
Major attractions of this
state
Rivers- Tila, Bheri, Sani
Bheri, Karnali, etc.
Mountain Peaks-
Kanjirowa, Patarasi, etc.
Religious Sites-
Chandan Nath Temple, Kankre Bihar, etc.
Highways- Ratna
Highway, Karnali Highway, etc.
National Parks or Conservation
Areas- Rara NP and Sey-Phoksundo NP
Misalliance- This
province is famous for medicinal herbs like yarsagumba.
Province
No 7 (Sudur Pashchim)
a.
This province consists of all the nine
districts of previous Far Western Development Region.
b.
This province covers 19539 sq. km i.e. 13% of
the total area of Nepal. 9% population is living in this province.
c.
This province covers all the geographical region;
Terai, Hill, and Mountain.
d.
This province is hotter during summer due to
hot wind blows from Thar Desert in India. Rainfall occurs during winter due to westerlies
blowing from the Mediterranean Sea, Red sea and Arabian Sea.
e.
There are some projects of national priority.
Industrialization is gradually developing.
f.
This region is rich in natural resources and
religious sites.
Major attractions of this
state
Rivers- Mahakali,
Seti, Karnali, etc.
Mountain Peaks- Mt.
Api, Saipal, Nampa, etc.
Religious Sites- Khaptad,
Gokuleshwar, etc.
Highways- Bhimdutta
Panta Highway and East- West Highway
National Parks or Conservation
Areas- Khaptad NP, Suklaphant NP and Api Nampa CA
Misalliance- This
province has high prospect of industrial development and tourism.
Very
Short Answer Question
1.
Why does province no 7 receive very less
monsoon rainfall? Give a reason.
Ans: Province
number 7 receives very less monsoon rainfall because it is far away from the
nearest sea i.e. Bay of Bengal.
2.
Which province doesn't have forest resource?
Ans: Province
number 2 doesn't have forest resource.
3.
Name any four lakes found in province no. 3.
Ans:
The lakes found in province number 3 are:
a.
Gosainkunda
b.
Chhorolpa
c.
Indrasarovar
d.
Taudaha
4.
What are the two factors that cause state no 7
hot and dry during summer season?
Ans:
State number 7 is hot and dry during summer season because of the two factors.
They are:
a.
Distance from the sea and
b.
Hot and dry wind called "Loo" blow
from Thar Desert towards it.
5.
Mention the names of protected areas in state
number 4.
Ans:
The protected areas of state number 4 are:
a.
Annapurna Conservation Area Project
b.
Manaslu Conservation Area and
c.
Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
6.
Write down any four economic activities of
state no. 1.
Ans:
Four economic activities of state no 1 are:
a.
Cultivation of cash crops and food crops
b.
Animal Husbandry
c.
Trade and Business and
d.
Fisheries
7.
What is Leeward side?
Ans:
The rain shadow area, which receives either no or less rainfall is
known
as leeward side.
8.
Which is the largest and smallest province in
terms of geography?
Ans:
In terms of geography the largest province is Karnali and the smallest province
is province no. two.
9.
Which provinces have the largest and least
population?
Ans:
Province no. three has the largest and province no. six has the least
population.
10.
Which province possesses more agricultural
land? Name it.
Ans:
Province no. two has more agricultural land because it comprises all the
districts of terai region.
11.
Name any two economic activities of province
number 3.
Ans:
The economic activities in province no three are different according to
geographical regions. The main economic activities in all regions of this
province are: agriculture and trade and business.
12.
In which province does indigenous tribe 'Raute'
live?
Ans:
The indigenous tribe ‘Raute’ lives in the jungle of province no. six.
13.
Write any two castes/ethnic groups of people
living in province number two.
Ans:
Mushar and Jhangad are the two castes/ ethnic group living in province no. two.
14.
Which provinces have the highest and lowest
literacy rate?
Ans:
Province no. three has highest literacy rate (74.85%) and province no. two has
lowest (49.53%) literacy rate. (According to the census report 2068)
15.
Which province has high number of local bodies?
Ans:
Province no one has the largest no. of local bodies i.e. 137.
16.
Write any two socio- cultural features of
province no. 3.
Ans:
Any two socio-cultural features of province no. 3 are:
a.
This province is rich in cultural and religious
heritages and ethnic diversity.
b.
This province is the main habitat of Newar
people, which is the main ethnic community having cultural prosperity.
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