Social Studies Note for Grade X (Contemporary Development Goals and Nepal- Unit- 2)

Social Studies Note for Grade X

Lesson – 4

Contemporary Development Goals and Nepal

Introduction

Poverty is the major obstacle for development. Millions of people in the world are trapped in the prison of poverty. With the objective of reducing poverty, UN General Assembly set international development goals in 1990AD. Similarly, United Nations Millennium Summit held in 2000 AD issued a historical millennium declaration. The declaration set 8 goals with measurable targets and clear deadlines for improving the lives of world's poorest people. To meet these goals and eradicate poverty, the leaders of 189 countries had signed on it and committed to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 AD. There are 8 goals with 21 targets and a series of measurable health indicators and economic indicators for each target.

Nepal is one of 189 countries committed to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Nepal, despite suffering from a number of problems has achieved significant progress on most MDG targets. Some targets have been met in advance and others have been met within the 2015 deadline. 

Sustainable Development Goals (2016-2030 AD)
The sustainable development agenda has been under global discussion for more than two decades. The Sustainable Development Goals were first formally discussed at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 and in the United Nations General Assembly in September 2014. Ahead of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) deadline in 2015, the UN Open Working Group (OWG) for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed a proposed set of 17 SDGs with 169 targets on a broad range of sustainable development issues for post-2015 till 2030.Although the goals and targets of the have been agreed in the UN General Assembly in September 2015, their indicators and implementation strategy are yet to be worked out. 17 new Sustainable Development Goals are also known as Global Goals. 

Nepal has taken a long -term vision to upgrade from a least developed to a developing country by 2022 AD during this period. As these goals are comprehensive, ambitious and challengeable, it requires huge amount of resource to complete. By 2030, goals have been set to establish Nepal as an inclusive, equitable, and prosperous with medium income and welfare state.

Very Short Answer Question

1.    What is meant by development goal?
Ans: The set target of any development plan that has to be achieved after certain period is known as development goal.

2.    What do you mean by Millennium Development Goals?
Ans: The targets set by Millennium Summit of the United Nations held in September, 2000 that were to be achieved by 2015 were called Millennium Development Goals.

3.    Mention any two Millennium Development Goals.
Ans: Any two Millennium Development Goals are as follows:

a.    Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty.

b.    Achieve Universal Primary Education.

4.    Write down any two goals of Nepal which were set to be achieved by 2015 AD.
Ans: Any two goals of Nepal set to be achieved by 2015 were:

a.    Reduce population below poverty line to 21%.

b.    Ensure equal enrollment of girls and boys in primary level/ end gender inequality.

5.    What were the achievements of MDG in the following areas?

Ans: The achievements of MDG in the given areas are:

a.    Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty (to 23.8%).

b.    Promote gender equality and empower women where male and female's enrollment ratio in primary level was 1.03 and females share in non-agriculture sector (to 44.8%).

c.    Child Mortality was reduced by one third which was 54 per thousand.

d.    Improve maternal health was reduced maternal mortality by one-fourth i.e. 213 per lakh.

6.    Mention any two targets of Nepal as that of the SDGs to be achieved by 2030.
Ans: Any two targets as that of SDGs to be achieved by 2030 are:

a.  By 2030, it has aimed to reduce maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.

b.  By 2030, it has aimed to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all; and end open defecation.

7.    How many goals and targets SDGs has set?
Ans: SDG has set 17 goals and 169 targets.

8.    "Lack of education is the main reason of the social problem". Explain this statement in a sentence. 

Ans: Education is the main vehicle for creating awareness regarding the positive and negative aspects of our culture and tradition and thus; lack of education is the main reason for the occurrence of social problem in the society.

9.    How many targets were set by the Millennium Development Goals? Write any one of the targets of MDGs.
Ans: There were eight numbers of targets set by the Millennium Development Goals. One of the targets.

10. Though the MDGs had set drinking water facility to be provided to 73% of citizens by every partner country by 2015. Nepal had achieved it to 83.6%. What might be the reason behind this success? Write a reason.

Ans: The reason for achieving the target successfully on drinking water might be that the government of Nepal and people worked hard in the field of safe drinking Water.

11. Which of the two sustainable development goals (SDGs) you feel Nepal will fail to achieve? Mention them.
Ans: The two of the sustainable development goals which Nepal will fail to achieve are:

a.  Sustainable cities and communities because majority rural areas are lacking quality education and health facilities.

b.  Peace and Justice through strong institutions because of the external interference in the politics of Nepal.

12. Present your opinion in a sentence on the goals set by the SDGs 2016 AD to 2030 AD.
Ans: The sustainable development goals are very ambitious mission of the UN member nations as some of the goals seem that those can't be attained by some of the African, Asian and South American countries.

13. Write one important achievement that Nepal achieved in reference to the Millennium Development Goals.
Ans: The major achievement Nepal achieved from Millennium Development Goal is that Nepal could reduce Child mortality below five years is up to 38 per thousand.