Social Studies Note for Grade X (Executive -Unit- 5)

Social Studies Note for Grade X

Unit- 5 (Civic Awareness)

Lesson-2

Executive

-       This is law implementing body of the state.

-       This is also known as government, council of ministers, cabinet, executive body, etc.

-       Executive consists of Prime minister, deputy prime minister, Ministers, state ministers and assistance ministers.

-       In parliamentary system, Prime Minister is the head of the government, who is elected by the legislation.

-       In federal system in Nepal, executive power is practised in three level; central (Federal Executive), state (Provincial Executive), and local (Local Executive).

Federal Executive

a.    Prime Minister who is elected by the parliament is the head of the executive.

b.    According to part 7 of the Constitution of Nepal president appoints the leader of patty in Majority in the House of Representatives as the prime minister. And the PM appoints other members of Council Of Ministers not exceeding 25 members.  

c.    If no single party has won majority seats in House of representative, a member of house who can make majority with support from other parties is appointed as the PM. And coalition' government is formed under this condition.

d.    The PM formed by any condition should get vote of confidence from majority members in the House of Representatives.
The PM and other Ministers are collectively accountable to Legislature. And individually Ministers are accountable to PM.

e.    It is necessary to be the member of legislature to be the member of executive.

f.     They take the oath of office and secrecy from the President except the assistant, state ministers.

Provincial Executive

a.    The person who is elected by the provided legislature is the chief minister as the head of the state executive.

b.    Provincial executive is mentioned in part 13 of the present constitution. The maximum number of the provincial executive is 20% of the total number of state legislature.

c.    Provincial executive is also formed according to the three conditions; majority, coalition, and minority

d.    If it is not possible to form coalition government, the chief of state appoints a leader to the party having more seats in the provincial parliament as a chief minister.

e.    The chief minister should pass vote of confidence in state legislature.

f.     The provincial executive is collectively accountable to the provincial legislature
and individually they are accountable to chief minister.

g.    The member of state assembly only could be the member of provincial executive.

h.    Chief minister and ministers of state executive take their oath of office and secrecy from chief of the state.

Local Executive

a.    The executive power of the local level is vested on the village executive or the municipal executive.

b.    According to the law they work for the development of the local areas according to the will of the people.

Nepalese Government

a.    Nepal has parliamentary federal system of government. The federal government that lies at the national capital is headed by the Prime Minister.

b.    The Prime Minister is simply elected by the federal parliament.

c.    The president and Vice-President are elected by an electoral college consisting of the members of the federal parliament and state assemblies.

Functions of Executive
Administrative function

a.    The main work of executive is to run day to day activities of the country according to the law formulated by legislature.

b.    It recommends, appoints, transfers, controls and supervises the government employees.

c.    It prepares the development policies and programmes for the development of the country

d.    It maintains good governance and rule of law in the country.

e.    Government appoints the chairpersons of the constitutional bodies, chiefs of the corporations; NOC, Telecom, etc.

Financial functions

a.    The annual budget is prepared by executive (the finance ministry).
It imposes, reduces and increases new taxes.

b.    Borrows loans and spends money.

Military functions

a.    Maintaining peace in the country is also the function of the executive.
National Security Council mobilizes the Nepal Army. P M is the Chief of the security Council.

b.    The head of the state, President is also the Supreme Commander -in-chief of the National Army. On the recommendation of government president appoints and dismisses the commander in—chief and other officials of Army.
Police force of the nation remains under executive and mobilize to maintain security.

c.    Government can make decision to mobilize the national Army for development and construction activities too.

Diplomatic function

a.    Executive formulates foreign policy and extends diplomatic relation with different countries.  It declares war if needed and sign treaty and agreement with other counties.

b.    It appoints the ambassadors and officials of diplomatic missions.
Conduct diplomatic activities based on foreign policy with other countries of the world.

Legislative and judicial functions

a.    Most bills for making laws are presented in the legislature by the government.

b.    The executive issues ordinances when the parliament is not in session.

c.    Executive tables the bill in either of the houses.

d.    The PM can dissolve the parliament and declare the date of mid-term election or fresh election.

e.    The president calls and ends the parliament sessions.

f.     Legislature can pardon or reduce the punishment to people declared by judiciary.