Solution of English Grade IX || Unit 14 || The History of Money || History and Civilisation || Reading II

Unit 14

Reading II

The History of Money

A. Find the words from the text above that have the following meanings.

a. r……… reign - the period during which a king, queen, emperor, etc. rules

b. p……… precede - to happen before something

c. r……… regulate - to control something by means of rules

d. c……… crudely- simply and without much skill or attention to detail

e. f……… fringe - to form a border around something

f. l……… legacy- something that somebody has done successfully

g. f……… fiat- an official order given by somebody in authority

h. s……… sovereign- free to govern itself; completely independent

i. i……… intrinsic- belonging naturally; essential

B. Complete the table below with the correct information about the development of money.

1200 BCE- cowrie shells used as money

2000 BCE - metal used for money

6th century BCE - leather and animal hide (skin) used as currency

997–1022 CE- paper used as money

1821 CE- the gold standard put into operation

21st century- rise of novel forms of money

C. Answer the following questions.

a. What did people use to make a trade before the invention of money?

To make a trade before the invention of money, people adopted a system of direct exchange.

b. How were temples used as banks in the past?

Temples were used as banks in the past by storing grain and other valuables used in trade.

c. What was the benefit of using cowrie shells as money?

The benefit of using cowrie shells as money was that they were similar in size, small, and durable.

d. Describe the coins invented by Turkey.

Turkey issued the first regulated coins. They appeared during the reign of King Alyattes and were made of electrum. Crudely shaped like beans, these coins featured the royal symbol, a lion. Alyattess' son, Croesus, reformed the kingdom's currency, introducing silver coins and gold coins.

e. Why did the leaders in international finance introduce the gold standard in currency?

The leaders in international finance introduced the gold standard in currency to keep the standard unit of currency at the value of a fixed quantity of gold which increases confidence in international trade by preventing governments from excessively using currency.

f. What form of money is being used in the 21st century?

Novel forms of money including digital payment and virtual currency, are being used in the 21st century.

Grammar II

B. Use simple past, past continuous or past perfect forms of the verbs in the brackets to complete the following sentences.

a. Mr. Singh ………. (wait) for me when I reached the station.

was waiting

b. A: What …………… (do) this time yesterday?

were you doing

B: I was reading a novel.

c. A: ………….. (go) out last night?

Did you go

B: No, I was too busy to go out.

d. A: Was Sapana at the party?

B: Yes, she ………. (dance) with Ravi.

was dancing

e. A: What ………. (do) when the earthquake occurred?

were doing

B: I was cooking meal.

f. He …........ (fall) off the wall when Sanam pushed him.

fell

g. I ………. (be) really in a difficult situation when I lost the job.

was

h. When I was young, I ………….. (want) to become a doctor.

wanted

i. I ……………. (do) my homework when the telephone rang.

was doing

j. When I last saw Kiran, he ………… (work) in his garden.

was working

C. Find the mistakes in the story below and correct the verb forms throughout.

This happens / happened to me when I was in India. I used to go to my office by train. On this particular evening, I hurry / hurried to my station but when I reached there, the train has/ had already gone. I bought a newspaper and a packet of biscuits and sit / sat on the bench. While I am / was reading, a man came and sits /sat down opposite me. There was nothing special about him, except that he is / was very tall. I was still reading when my eyes catch / caught a very strange sight. The man reached over the table, open /opened my packet of biscuits, took one, dip/ dipped it into his coffee and popped it into his mouth. I couldn't believe my eyes. But I didn't want to make a fuss, so I ignored it. I just take /took a biscuit myself and went back to the newspaper. While I was pretended to be very interested in the news, the man took a second biscuit. After a couple of minutes I casually put a biscuit in my mouth and decide to leave. I was ready to go when the man stood up and hurriedly leave. I folded my newspaper and stand up. And there on the table, where my newspaper had been was my packet of biscuits.

Writing II

Write an essay on 'The Importance of History.

Importance of History

History is the study of the people, societies, events and problems of the past. Learning history is always useful in knowing about our culture and how the people have evolved with time. History is believed to be the important part of any country because it reflects the culture and traditions of a particular society.

Understanding the past helps us to comprehend how the world has developed and changed over time. The study of history provides a foundation for understanding the humanities such as literature or art. Also it reveals the important events and people who had done something innovative in the past. It helps to modify our culture and things which needs to be amended.

Studying history is important because that make us to understands about our culture and learn about change with time. It also reflects the important historical event that took place in the past. It can provide social and cultural knowledge, and helps us to think critically and solve problems. Upcoming generations will learn about their past and the change that has taken place to amend their present and future.

To sum up, history gives the absolute picture of our past. It provides us with a better understanding of how we got to where we are now, and sheds light on past human behaviours.