Class 10 English Solution New Course | Unit 13 Discovering Migration: What Birds Reveal- II

Unit 13

Reading II

Discovering Migration: What Birds Reveal

A. Study the following word list and find their synonyms and antonyms as shown in the example. Write NA if the word does not have a synonym or antonym in the list

a.transform

Synonyms: change, remodel, revamp

Antonyms: stagnate, hold on

b. incredible

Synonyms: unbelievable, amazing, wonderful

Antonyms: credible, plausible

c. roadmap

Synonyms: guideline, plan, direction, protocol, procedure

Antonyms: NA

d. retrace

Synonyms: backtrack, recall, recollect, reminisce

Antonyms: forget

e. grab

Synonyms: clutch, snatch, capture

Antonyms: free, liberate, release

f. elevation

Synonyms: height, altitude

Antonyms: flat, level, lowness

g. waterlogged

Synonyms: wet, sodden, soaked, drenched

Antonyms: dehydrated, dry, arid

h. refuel

Synonyms: refill, replenish, restock

Antonyms: deplete, exhaust

i. cluster

Synonyms: array, band, bunch, clump

Antonyms: chump

j. crucial

Synonyms: vital, fundamental

Antonyms: trivial, insignificant, unimportant

k. perilous

Synonyms: risky, dangerous, precarious, terrifying

Antonyms: harmless

B. Complete sentences (a-f with their correct endings (i-vii).

a. In the past, people had the misconception that- iv. birds hid underground or changed into some other birds.

b. To supply themselves with energy- ii. some birds stop to feed themselves with grains.

c. When the weather is favorable in spring- iii. birds fly back to their habitats.

d. As a sign of partial migration- i. some birds travel to a different place while others do not.

e. To wait for a favorable weather- v. some birds choose to fly during the night.

f. For better flying conditions- vii. birds fly in large groups.

C. Answer these questions.

a. What is incredible about the migration of birds?

The incredible aspect of bird migration is that they undertake long journeys, often thousands of miles, without a roadmap or compass.

b. What things do birds consider while flying to their destinations?

While flying to their destinations, birds consider factors such as changing winds, their own weight, and storms. They adjust their speed, height, and flight path accordingly to ensure they do not run out of energy before reaching their destination.

c. Which animals other than the birds migrate to new places?

Other animals that migrate to new places include insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and mammals.

d. What do scoters dive underwater for?

Scoters dive underwater for grabbing shellfish from the ocean floor. They can stay submerged for up to a minute to search for and feed on their prey.

e. Which birds travel up and down instead of going north to south?

Mountain birds, such as brindled titmice and mountain chickadees, travel up and down instead of going north to south. They migrate from high-altitude evergreen forests to lower elevations, typically around 1,000 feet, such as wooded valleys and streams.

f. What is partial migration of birds?

Partial migration refers to a phenomenon where not all individuals of a bird species migrate. Some birds within the species migrate to different locations, while others do not.

g. Why can sea terns not stay long in water?

Sea terns cannot stay long in water because they become waterlogged. Their feathers get saturated with water, making it difficult for them to fly efficiently. Therefore, they need to keep moving and find solid resting spots such as land or perches.

h. How do birds feed themselves during their journeys?

Birds feed themselves during their journeys by stopping at various locations to rest and refuel. They may feed on available food sources such as berries, insects, seeds, or other prey they can find along their migration routes.

i. What are the signs of birds flying in the night sky?

The signs of birds flying in the night sky can include their chattering and the occasional visibility when they pass in front of the moon. Moon watching is one way to count the number of migrating birds traveling at night, and during migration season, a moon watcher may observe a significant number of birds, sometimes up to 200 birds per hour.

D. You might have seen or heard animals migrating to new places. What could be the reasons for animals to migrate?

Migration is a fascinating phenomenon observed in many animal species. Animals embark on long journeys to new places for a variety of reasons. One significant factor driving migration is the availability of food. Animals migrate to regions where resources are abundant, ensuring their sustenance and the ability to nourish themselves and their offspring. Additionally, migration is often associated with breeding. Animals seek out favorable environments for mating, nesting, and raising their young, maximizing their reproductive success. Climate and weather changes also play a role in migration, as animals move to avoid harsh conditions or extreme temperatures. By migrating, they can find more suitable habitats that offer greater chances of survival. Another motivation for migration is the escape from predators, as animals seek safer areas to minimize the risk of predation. Ultimately, migration is a remarkable adaptation that allows animals to capitalize on available resources, enhance reproductive opportunities, and improve their overall chances of survival in an ever-changing world.

Grammar II

A. Complete the sentences below with the correct alternatives from the brackets.

a. Even though we have different ideologies, we are intimate friends.

b. Despite our hard efforts, we could not establish a hospital in the village.

c. Even though the film was very popular, it was a commercial failure.

d. I enjoyed all the luxuries despite the fact that I grew up in a remote village.

e. I watched a late night movie; however, I didn't feel sleepy in the morning class.

f. Even though scientists have made lots of research, there is no evidence of life on Mars.

g. Despite my efforts, I can't ever score excellent marks in the exam.

h. My room was burgled, although I had locked it securely before going out.

j. I called Siddhartha several times, but he did not respond.

k. Even though we had not invited them, they came to the party.

B. Join the following pairs of sentences with the connectives given in the brackets.

a. Although I was really exhausted, I could not sleep well.

b. In spite of not meeting the requirements, she was shortlisted for the job.

c. Even though the pay was quite low, I decided to work for the company.

d. Yet we lost the match, we had prepared for it really well.

e. Despite having badly injured her hand, Dipisha completed her assignment.

f. Kripa exercises every day, however she is gaining weight.

g. Nevertheless Barcelona won the match, they were limited to ten players.

h. I love to watch cricket on TV, while my brother loves to watch football.

i. In spite of not having gone to bed until midnight, he woke up early in the morning.

j. Although he had not played well, he was selected for the school team.

Writing II

A large number of youths and professionals leave Nepal and migrate abroad each year. Write an essay expressing your opinion about the impacts of such migration. Also include suggestions and solutions to the problems caused by migration.

The Impact of Youth and Professional Migration in Nepal

Migration has become a prevalent phenomenon in Nepal, with a significant number of youths and professionals leaving the country each year to seek better opportunities abroad. While migration can bring certain benefits, it also poses various challenges and consequences for both the individuals and the nation.

One of the major impacts of migration is the brain drain that occurs when highly educated and skilled professionals leave Nepal to pursue opportunities elsewhere. This exodus deprives the country of valuable human capital and expertise, hindering its overall development and progress. Sectors such as healthcare, education, and technology are particularly affected by the loss of these talented individuals.

Another consequence of migration is the economic impact on Nepal. Remittances sent back by migrant workers significantly contribute to the country's economy, alleviating poverty and boosting household incomes. However, a heavy reliance on remittances can create long-term challenges, such as a decline in domestic productivity and an increased dependency on foreign economies. It is essential for Nepal to diversify its economy and invest in local industries to reduce its vulnerability to fluctuations in remittance flows.

The departure of young and talented individuals can have adverse social consequences. The loss of a vibrant and productive workforce can lead to a demographic imbalance, affecting family structures, social dynamics, and community cohesion. Moreover, the separation of families due to migration can have emotional and psychological impacts, particularly on children and elderly parents left behind.

To curb the outflow of talent, it is essential to create an environment that offers attractive opportunities within Nepal. This involves promoting entrepreneurship, innovation, and job creation by fostering a favorable business climate, supporting startups, and investing in key sectors. Strengthening the education system and vocational training programs is crucial to equip the youth with the necessary skills and knowledge.

In conclusion, youth and professional migration have significant impacts on Nepal, including brain drain, economic implications, and social consequences. To mitigate these challenges, Nepal needs to focus on retaining talent, diversifying its economy, and providing support systems for affected families. By addressing these issues, Nepal can maximize the benefits of migration while minimizing its negative impacts, contributing to the country's sustainable development.