Unit 1
Information and Communication Technology
Exercise
1. Choose the best alternative:
a) What is the main function of a set-top box (STB)?
i. Receiving the digital signal ii. Displaying the television channel iii. Decoding iv. All of the above
Answer: iv. All of the above
(b) What is the fixed address of the website?
i. www ii. URL iii. web browser iv. web page
Answer: ii. URL
(c) Which type of cybercrime is related to Intimidation, defamation or any other form of mental degradation by using electronic means or modes such as social media?
i. Identity Theft ii. Cyberbullying iii. Trade Secrets iv. Hacking
Answer: i. Cyberbullying
(d) What is the latest technology that can understand intelligence and human ability through the use of machines?
i. Robotics ii. Artificial Intelligence iii. Virtual Reality iv. Google Plus
Answer: ii. Artificial Intelligence
(e) In which category do digital signature falls which measures internet security?
i. Certification ii. Browser Selection iii. email security iv. antivirus software
Answer: i. Certification
(f) Which of the following is an advantage of cloud computing?
i. Cloud migration ii. Global scale iii. IT Governance iv. Unexpected Costs
Answer: ii. Global scale
2. Differentiate between:
a) Printers and Scanners
| Printers | Scanners |
|---|---|
| i. A printer is an output device. | i. A scanner is an input device. |
| ii. It takes electronic data stored on a computer or other device and produces a hard copy. | ii. It digitizes a picture or text printed on paper and store it in a computer. |
| iii. It is used to print textual materials and photos among the external devices of the computer. | iii. A hard copy of the scanned image can be printed if a printer is connected to the computer otherwise it can be stored in digital format. |
| Search Engines | Websites |
|---|---|
| i. Search engines are tools used to find information on the internet by entering keywords or phrases. | i. Websites are individual online destinations containing specific content or services created by individuals, organizations, or businesses. |
| ii. They act as gateways to the vast amount of information available online. | ii. They serve as the actual sources of information, providing content, services, or products to users who visit them directly. |
| iii. Some of the major search engines are www.google.com, www.yahoo.com, and www.bing.com. | iii. Popular websites like BBC, Facebook, and Amazon are widely recognized and frequently visited by users worldwide. |
| Virtual Reality (VR) | Artificial Intelligence |
|---|---|
| i. Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated imitation of a three-dimensional environment that can be interacted within a seemingly real or physical way using special electronic equipment. | i. Artificial Intelligence (Al) refers to the creation of computer programs or machines that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. |
| ii. It simulates a user's physical presence in a virtual world. | ii. Artificial intelligence has the power to enhance different types of work, connectivity and productivity. |
| iii. VR is extensively used in entertainment, gaming, education, training, and therapy. | iii. An outstanding example of artificial intelligence is found in self-driving cars, generic robots, chatbots, etc. |
| Computer Code of Conduct | Cyber Law |
|---|---|
| i. A computer code of conduct is a set of guidelines that outlines the ethical and professional standards expected of individuals who use computers and technology. | i. Cyberlaw is the legal framework that governs the use of the internet, computers, and related technologies. |
| ii. This prevents the user from committing illegal acts such as being cheated or involved in bad deeds. | ii. Cyber laws prevent or mitigate the large-scale harm caused by cyber-criminal acts. |
| iii. While using Information and Communication Technology, (ICT) users, programmers, operators or anyone else must follow the code of computer ethics. | iii. It creates rules for the construction of a justice system related to computer crime. |
| Robotic Humans | Humans |
|---|---|
| i.Robots are mechanical constructs typically made of metals, plastics, and other synthetic materials, functioning through electronic components, motors, and sensors. | i. Human beings are biological entities. |
| ii. Robots lack consciousness and emotional capacity. | ii. Cyber laws prevent or mitigate the large-scale harm caused by cyber-criminal acts. |
| iii. They generally lack the innate flexibility and creativity characteristic of human cognition. | iii. Human beings exhibit high levels of adaptability, learning, and mental flexibility. |
3. Answer the following questions:
a) What kind of technology is an ATM? Write its important functions.
An ATM is an electromechanical machine that provides automated banking services.
Its important functions are:
- It helps the customer to make their transaction easily without the help of a branch office, representative or teller.
- Cash can be withdrawn using an ATM.
- ATMs help customers conduct transactions by providing fast, easy and automated services such as cash withdrawals, cash deposits, bill payments and account to account fund transfers, etc.
b) Make a list of various parts of a photocopy machine.
The list of various parts of a photocopy machine
i. Scanner
ii. Drum
iii. Toner Cartridge
iv. Fuser Unit
v. Paper Trays
vi. Control Panel
vii. Processor
viii. Output Tray
c) What is a printer? Mention its function in brief.
A printer is a device that accepts electronic data from a computer or another digital device and transforms it into a physical copy, often on paper or other print media.
Its functions are:
i. One of the primary functions of a printer is to produce hard copies of textual documents stored electronically on a computer or other devices.
ii. Printers are also used to print photos and images stored digitally, allowing users to create physical copies of their digital photographs, graphics, illustrations, and other visual content.
iii. A printer serves as a means of transferring digital data into tangible, printed form.
iv. By converting digital data into physical copies, printers enable users to create tangible records, documents, or visual representations of their electronic files, facilitating communication, archiving, and distribution of information.
d) What is a search engine? Illustrate the need for search engines with examples.
A search engine is a communication program to search the content on the internet. The search engine is a software system that provides necessary details to users from information placed on the internet. Search engines are like magic tools on the internet that help us find information quickly. If we want to know about something, like climate change or the latest news, we can just type it into a search engine like Google or Yahoo. These search engines then show us websites with information about what we're looking for. They also help us find reliable information and tell us if something is okay to use without breaking any rules. Google, the most popular search engine, even offers other helpful services like email and translation.
e) Write the main features of ISP.
The main features of ISP are:
i. ISP provides high-speed internet service.
ii. Most ISPs provide email addresses to their customers.
iii. Most ISPs protect their customers against problems such as phishing, malware etc.
iv. Some ISPs also provide web hosting services.
f) Mention the opportunities and benefits of social media.
The opportunities and benefits of social media are:
Strong Medium for Communication: Social media provides a platform for sharing personal experiences, engaging in intellectual debates, and even influencing political agendas, making it a powerful tool for personal expression and communication.
Brand Development: Businesses can leverage social media to promote their brand, reach a wider audience, and interact with customers. This facilitates professional success and advertising opportunities for various businesses.
Customer Interaction: Positive feedback from customers on social media can inspire others and help businesses improve. Conversely, negative feedback can highlight areas for improvement, guiding businesses to enhance their products or services.
g) What is cybercrime? What are the forms of cybercrime?
Cybercrime is defined as any crime against a person or group that harms someone's reputation or causes physical or mental trauma through electronic means.
The forms of cybercrime are:
i. Identity Theft
ii. Cyber Terrorism
iii. Cyberbullying
iv. Hacking
v. Defamation
h) Mention the dangers of internet security and ways to avoid them.
The dangers of internet security:
i. Malware
ii. Phishing
iii. Identity theft
iv. Hacking
The ways to avoid them:
i. Using strong passwords
ii. Enabling two-factor authentication
iii. Keeping software up-to-date
iv. Using reputable antivirus and security software
v. Using a firewall
vi. Backing up important data
vii. Educating users
i) What is computer ethics?
Computer ethics is a set of guidelines that outlines the ethical and professional standards expected of individuals who use computers and technology.
j) What is Artificial Intelligence? What is the main objective of artificial intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence (Al) is the creation of computer programs or machines that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing objects, making decisions, and solving problems. Artificial intelligence has the power to enhance different types of work, connectivity and productivity. It has also had a great impact on scientific inventions.
k) What is robotics? Mention some important tasks performed by robots.
Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering.
Some important tasks performed by robots are:
i. to automate repetitive and dangerous tasks such as welding, painting, and assembling pieces of machinery
ii. to assist with surgeries' deliver medications, and provide physical therapy to patients
iii. to automate tasks such as planting, harvesting, and crop monitoring, which can improve efficiency and productivity
iv. to automate tasks such as packing, sorting, and transporting goods, which can reduce costs and increase efficiency
v. to gather data and samples from environments that are dangerous or difficult for humans to access
vi. to teach students about robotics and programming, and provide a practical learning experience
vii. Robots are used in the entertainment industry, such as in theme parks and movies, to provide interactive experiences for audiences
viii. to monitor and patrol areas, detect and defuse explosives and other dangerous devices, fire control, rescuing
l) What is meant by Virtual Reality? Write the various sector in which it is used.
Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated imitation of a three-dimensional environment that can be interacted within a seemingly real or physical way using special electronic equipment.
The various sector in which it is used are:
i. VR in the Military Field
ii. VR in the field of Mental Health
iii. VR in the Field of Fashion
iv. VR in the Field of Architecture
m) What is cloud computing? Write down any two services provided by cloud computing.
In the field of information and communication technology (ICT), cloud computing refers to the use of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data and applications, rather than relying on local servers or personal computers.
The two services provided by cloud computing are:
i. Cloud computing eliminates the need for businesses to purchase and maintain their IT infrastructure, which can be very expensive. Instead, businesses only pay for the computing resources they actually use.
ii. Cloud computing providers often have better security measures in place than many businesses can afford to implement themselves, which means that data is typically more secure in the cloud than it is on-premises.
n) Which is device is used to convert hard copy to soft copy?
A scanner is used to convert hard copy to soft copy.
o) What is a collective form of online communication channel dedicated to community-based interaction, content sharing and collaboration?
Social media is a collective form of online communication channel dedicated to community-based interaction, content sharing and collaboration.
p) What is the act of shutting down or abusing a website or computer network by unethical means?
Hacking/Cyberattack is the act of shutting down or abusing a website or computer network by unethical means.
q) What is the name of the software program that makes copies from one computer to another?
File transfer protocol (FTP)
r) What is the legal framework to combat cybercrime and harassment?
Cyberlaw is the legal framework to combat cybercrime and harassment.
s) Write the full form of the following terms.
(i) ATM - Automated Teller Machine
(ii) www - World Wide Web
(iii) URL - Uniform Resource Locator
(iv) Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity
(v) ISP - Internet Service Provider
(vi) VR - Virtual Reality
(vii) AI - Artificial Intelligence
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